Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that develops in the lining of the stomach. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages when symptoms become noticeable, making early detection and treatment crucial for better outcomes. This guide aims to provide insights into stomach cancer, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and supportive care measures.
Stomach cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the stomach lining grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. While the exact cause of stomach cancer is not fully understood, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing the disease, including infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, chronic inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis), smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and a diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled foods, as well as family history of stomach cancer or certain genetic conditions.
Early-stage stomach cancer often presents with nonspecific symptoms, which may include persistent indigestion or heartburn, abdominal pain or discomfort, especially after eating, nausea and vomiting, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite or feeling full quickly, blood in the stool or black, tarry stools, and fatigue and weakness.
Diagnosing stomach cancer typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, imaging tests (such as CT scans and endoscopy), and biopsy. Once diagnosed, further tests, such as imaging scans and endoscopic ultrasound, may be performed to determine the extent (stage) of the cancer and plan appropriate treatment.
The treatment approach for stomach cancer depends on several factors, including the cancer stage, location, size, and overall health of the patient. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.
Living with stomach cancer can be physically and emotionally challenging. Patients may benefit from supportive care measures and coping strategies, including nutritional support, palliative care, emotional support, and lifestyle modifications.
Stomach cancer is a complex disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care. Early detection, timely intervention, and ongoing monitoring are crucial for improving outcomes and enhancing quality of life for patients with stomach cancer. By raising awareness, promoting preventive measures, and providing comprehensive care, healthcare professionals can make a positive impact in the fight against stomach cancer.